PLTW Intro to Engineering Final Study Guide Essay Example for Free

PLTW Intro to Engineering Final Study Guide Essay Arbitration- The hearing and determination of a dispute or the settling of differences between parties by a person or persons chosen or agreed to by them. Asymmetry- Symmetry in which both halves of a composition are not identical. Also referred to as informal balance. Cabinet Pictorial- Oblique pictorial where depth is represented as half scale compared to the height and width scale. Cartesian Coordinate System- A rectangular coordinate system created by three mutually perpendicular coordinate axes, commonly labeled X, Y, and Z. Cavalier Pictorial- Oblique pictorial where height, width, and depth are represented at full scale. Center Line- A line which defines the center of arcs, circles, or symmetrical parts. Centroid- A 3D point defining the geometric center of a solid. Circumscribe- 1. A triangle located round a polygon such as a circle. 2 To draw a figure around another, touching it at points but not cutting it. Construction Line- lightly drawn lines to guide drawing other lines and shapes. Depth- The measurement associated with an object’s front-to-back dimension or extent of something from side to side. Dimension- A measurable extent, such as the three principal dimensions of an object is width, height, and depth. Ellipse- A regular oval shape, traced by a point moving in a plane so that the sum of its distances from two other points is constant, or resulting when a cone is cut by an oblique plane which does not intersect the base. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Ergonomics- the study of workplace equipment design or how to arrange and design devices, machines, or workspace so that people and things interact safely and most efficiently. Extension Line- Line which represents where a dimension starts and stops. Fillet- A curve formed at the interior intersection between two or more surfaces Freehand Sketching which is done manually without the aid of instruments such as rulers. Gestalt- The principle that maintains that the human eye sees objects in their entirety before perceiving their individual parts. Grid- A network of lines that cross each other to form a series of squares or rectangles. Hidden Line- A line type that represents an edge that is not directly visible. International Organization for Standardization (IOS) Isometric Sketch- A form of pictorial sketch in which all three drawing axes form equal angles of 120 degrees with the plane of projection. Leader Line- Line which indicates dimensions of arcs, circles and detail Least Material Condition (LMC) Line Conventions- Standardization of lines used on technical drawings by line weight and style. Line Weight- Also called line width. The thickness of a line, characterized as thick or thin Long Break Line- A line which indicates that a very long objects with uniform detail is drawn foreshortened. Mediation- The act or process of using an intermediary to effect an agreement or reconciliation Meniscus- The curved upper surface of a liquid column that is concave when the containing walls are wetted by the liquid and convex when not. Norms- Principles of right action, binding upon the members of a group and serving to guide, control, or regulate proper and acceptable behavior. Object Line- A heavy solid line used on a drawing to represent the outline of an object. Oblique Sketch- A form of pictorial in which an object is represented as true width and height, but the depth can be any size and drawn at any angle. Orthographic Projection- A method of representing three-dimensional objects on a plane having only length and breadth. Also referred to as Right Angle Projection. Occupation Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)- assure the safety and health of Americas workers Perspective Sketch- A form of pictorial sketch in which vanishing points are used to provide the depth and distortion that is seen with the human eye Pictorial Sketch- A sketch that shows an object’s height, width, and depth in a single view. Plane- A flat surface on which a straight line joining any two points would wholly lie. Point- A location in space Principal Axes- The lines of intersection created from three mutually perpendicular planes, with the three planes’ point of intersection at the centroid of the part. Profile- An outline of an object when viewed from one side. Projection Line- An imaginary line that is used to locate or project the corners, edges, and features of a three-dimensional object onto an imaginary two-dimensional surface. Projection Plane- An imaginary surface between the object and the observer on which the view of the object is projected and drawn. Proportion- 1. The relationship of one thing to another in size, amount, etc. 2. Size or weight relationships among structures or among elements in a single structure. Scale- 1. A straight-edged strip of rigid material marked at regular intervals that is used to measure distances. 2. A proportion between two sets of dimensions used to develop accurate, larger or smaller prototypes, or models. Section Lines- Thin lines used in a section view to indicate where the cutting plane line has cut through material. Standard Deviation- The distance of a value in a population (or sample) from the mean value of the population (or sample). Technical Working Drawing- A drawing that is used to show the material, size, and shape of a product for manufacturing purposes. Tone- The general effect of color or of light and shade in a picture View- Colloquial term for views of an object projected onto two or more orthographic planes in a multi-view drawing.

Thomas Becket :: Biography Biographies Essays

Thomas Becket    Thomas Becket during his life was a man of both honor and dishonor.   His decisions, principles, and character made certain aspects of his life honorable, and others dishonorable.   However, it is also extremely important to realize who Becket was honoring.   The three most relevant people he would honor during his life was himself, King Henry II, and God.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Many times during his life, Becket acted without honor.   For instance, when King Henry separated the church and state by making his power superior to the church's, Becket became his right-hand by becoming the Chancellor of England.   While Henry's moves were political and economic, Becket decision to join the king was based purely on allegiance and fidelity to the king.   Becket did not consider the consequences of what a split would do nor did he question and challenge the sanctimonious motives of the king.   Becket also showed a great dishonor to both God and the king when he wore both the Chancellor and Archbishop ring.   He could not possibly honor both, since the King's agenda did not coalesce with the will of God.   Thus he had a false honor to both.   Eventually, Becket made a choice to serve the honor of God above the king.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Becket was also a man of great honor.   He showed reverence to his king by being loyal and keeping his word when he had to give up the woman he loved to the king.   At this moment, he also honored himself by showing integrity and principle over emotional values.   While chancellor, he served faithfully by understanding his duty to the king and code of honor.   The one thing that proved Becket to be a man of true honor was when he humbled himself before the cross and God and vowed his loyalty to the one and only true leader.   After this point, Becket no longer acts to serve the king's honor, but God's because he realizes it is more righteous and rewarding.   Through this decision he chose how he would live for the remainder of his life.   He accepted his obligations as Archbishop of Canterbury and understood how he would inevitably be forced to oppose the king.   He sacrificed his own life by defending the kingdom of God and boldly chose to pursue God's w ill.   This occurs when he repudiates the king's order to renege on his excommunication decision.

Bus 520 Assignment 1

Consensual Relationship Agreements By: Vickie Gonzalez Bus 520 – Leadership and Organizational Behavior Professor: Dr. Marilyn Carroll October 24th, 2012 Workplace romances are now one of the challenges that organizations of all sizes have to address. How they address them varies from organization to organization. Some businesses and organizations strictly prohibit them in any form or fashion, while others prohibit them when the participants are in certain roles within the organization.Some companies have chosen not to address the issue at all and others are using a more formal method of documenting and mitigating the risk they feel these relationships pose. One of the methods of documenting, and potentially mitigating, this risk is known as a consensual relationship agreement or CRA. In the text that follows I will argue for the use of CRA’s in the workplace. Secondly, I will present a counter argument for the use of CRA’s. Then we will then look at the ethical principles involved in the use of CRA’s. Lastly I will present another option that may be available for addresses these consensual relationships.First, let’s look at what brought about the need for CRA’s. On June 28th, 1914 Gavrilo Princip, of Sarajevo, assassinated the Archduke and heir to the throne of Austria, Franz Ferdinand (Collins, 2008, p. 9). Thirty-seven days later World War I began, and with it, so did what some see as the beginnings of women entering the workplace. The Munitions of War Act of 1915 moved twenty-one percent of Britain’s wives, sisters, mothers and daughters into the workforce (Woolacott, 1994, p. 17). Factory workers became soldiers and the women in their lives became factory workers.By 1941, and the United States’ entrance into World War II, 18. 9 million American women had entered the workforce as well (Weak-Baxter, 2010, p. 14). Japan had attacked Pearl Harbor and patriotism was welling just as strong in American women as it was in American men. Now, according to the US Department of Labor, there are 72 million women in the civilian labor force alone (2012). The years following World War II were a time of challenge, adaptation and diversification for business, and revolution and exploration for women. Harassment, specifically sexual harassment, is one of those hallenges faced by businesses and employers as of a result of workplace diversification. Inappropriate conversations, unwanted advances and uncomfortable physical contact are some of the ways sexual harassment can occur. According to Hellriegel and Slocum, â€Å"Sexual harassment refers to unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature. † (p. 52). To be clear, sexual harassment can, and has, affected both women and men over the years however up to half of all working women have reported experiencing some form of sexual harassment in the career (Vijayasiri, 2008, p. ). It wasn’t until 1986 though that the Supreme Court recognized sexual harassment as a violation of Title VII in the case of Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson (O’Brien, 1994, p. 1). Before the high court’s ruling, however, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission had begun to address the issue by drafting hostile work environment guidelines that included sexual harassment (O’Brien, 1994, p. 4). These guidelines would serve later to guide the high court’s decision. There are many more cases like this one we could look at.In 1991, sexual harassment became a household term as Anita Hill testified before congress stating she was sexually harassed by a current nominee for the Supreme Court. In her statement to the Senate Judiciary Committee Ms. Hill stated, â€Å"It is only after a great deal of agonizing consideration, and sleepless, number of , great number of sleepless night, that I am able to talk of these unpleasant matters to anyone but my close frie nds† ( Black Scholar, 1991, p 1). For many American this was the first time they had really thought about or discussed sexually harassment.It was on our televisions, out in the open, for the whole world to see. As a result of brave employees like Ms. Hill and many others sexual harassment is no less tolerated in the workplace and employers are required to have specific policies addressing it. Now what happens when the relationship between two employees is consensual? No harassment has occurred. Romance is in the air. Some organizations have policies that prohibit workplace relationships of any kind and participating in one is grounds for termination. Other businesses only prohibit these relationships in the event that one party reports to or manages the other.More and more firms are using consensual relationship agreements or CRAs. A CRA is a written agreement or contract in which the involved parties agree to specific guidelines in the workplace (Hellriegel/Slocum, 2011, p. 6 5). This is one of the practices or policies an organization can use to mitigate the risks associated with workplace relationships. In this agreement the parties involved state that the relationship is voluntary. They agree to abide by any and all anti-harassment or anti-discrimination policies the business has in place, including reporting any violation of these policies that may occur.They also agree to behave professionally at all times which includes avoiding even the appearance of favoritism. There are proponents and opponents of the use of these agreements in the workplace. I agree with the proponents of the use of CRAs in the workplace. Hellriegel and Solcum mention several arguments in favor in CRAs in the workplace in our text. I would like to look at three of these. The first argument that Hellriegel and Solcum mention is that CRAs help mitigate the risk of any sexual harassment litigation (p. 65). I have to agree with this argument. Office relationships can be wonderful.I know several happy couples who met at the office. They manage their personal and professional lives well. However this is not always the case, and when the relationship fails, things may change. This can be especially true if this relationship involved one part that directly, or even indirectly reports to the other. The employee may suggest they were pressured into the relationship by their manager. The manager may resent the employee and treat them unfairly. Both of these scenarios, and many others, open the doors to litigation. The employer in both of these cases could be found liable in a sexual harassment suit.Damages awarded in these cases can be punitive and compensatory. In 1997 large corporations spent more than 6 million for each sexual harassment suit they defended themselves against and/or settled (Vijayasiri, 2008, p. 2) Employers can protect themselves from this risk by ensuring they have a very clearly stated workplace relationship policy that, in my opinion, should i nvolve the use of CRAs. The second argument is favor of the use of CRAs is that they help to reduce the appearance of favoritism in the workplace (Hellriegel/Slocum, 2011, p. 65).Ensuring that there is not even the appearance of favoritism in the workplace is not just a matter of fair policy. In many cases a third party can sue their employer for sexual harassment if they feel they are being discriminated against as the result of a workplace relationship. Employees are human and emotions and perception are part of being human. No employer can predict what behavior will be acceptable to one employee and offensive to another, A CRA requiring both participants in the relationship to behave in a professional manner can help minimize this risk of offending a third party.In 2001, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit upheld a verdict in favor of Diane Leibovitz for $60,000 against the New York City Transit Authority or NYCTA for what the court determined to be a hostil e work environment (Leibovitz v. NYCTA, 2001). Ms. Leibovitz sued the NYCTA for sexual harassment and emotional distress after confronting her employer regarding the sexual harassment of 3 other female co-workers. Ms. Leibovitz’s job was threatened if she did not remain silent.As a result of these threats she suffered from depression and sleep deprivation. Ms. Leibovitz was not the victim of any sexual advances or misconduct, however, witnessing it and her employer’s inaction created a hostile work environment and a $60,000 judgment on her behalf. The third agreement presented in the text in favor of the use of CRA’s is that they create a forum where human resources can talk openly with employees about the responsibilities and ramification that come with an office romance (Hellriegel/Slocum, 2011, p. 5). This is simply an opportunity for the employer to remind the employee what behavior is and is not appropriate in the workplace. The employer can also restate th e company’s commitment to preventing sexual harassment. This is the time for open and honest discussion in the hopes that awareness and understanding may prevent litigation. Those who argue against the use of CRA’s in the workplace argue that they are a violation of the employee’s privacy and in-effective.

Why Parents Should Not Leave After The Divorce Essay

Divorce is an ill-emotional experience that changes the lives of both parents and their children (Chavez, 2010). The relationship between parents is really important to the children as it makes them feel more confident. Mostly we see these things changing when the parents separated due to the custodial parent as children become more confused in their lives. It also leaves the parents affected. The literature covering this issue suggests that these disturbing events affect parents’ emotional, psychological, and financial stability and has been shown to also influence parent’s relationships with their children. This essay will discuss ways in which children of divorced parents can be affected by said divorce, compared to non-divorced parent’s children. Many states recognize some form of joint or shared custody that afï ¬ rms the decision-making and caretaking status of more than one adult. This essay will illustrate reasons why parents should not relocate after t he divorce looking at positive and negative effects on children. Furthermore the divorce of parent’s signiï ¬ cantly weakens their children’s sense of security and stability (Gindes, 1998). As it alluded to in the above paragraph, two people upon whom the child is dependent are no longer equally accessible to the child and the basis of the child’s world becomes uneven (Chavez, 2010). â€Å"From the child’s perspective, the best of all possible worlds, after parental divorce, includes parents who are good-humoured, do notShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Effects of Divorce689 Words   |  3 PagesWith approximately 876,000 divorces per year in the United States alone, many people today are bringing up the controversial topic: should divorces be made harder to obtain? 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